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Common Spring Materials

The link below will open the chart showing properties of common spring materials and lists out some commonly used alloys. This chart also contains data for material selection purposes. The specifications listed were developed exclusively for high quality materials for spring applications. These are generally more detailed and stricter than other specifications.

View the Properties of Common Spring Materials »

 
Material
Nominal Analysis
Minimum Tensile Strength
Modulus of Elasticity E
Design Stress % Min. Tensile
Modulus in Torsion
Max Operating Temp. F
Max Operating Temp. C
Rockwell Hardness
Method of Manufacture Chief uses Special Properties
High Carbon Spring Wire
Music Wire, ASTM A 228
C 0.70-1.00%, Mn 0.20-0.60%
230-399, (1586-2751)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
250
121
C41-60
Cold drawn high and uniform tensile. High quality springs and wire forms. Suitable for cyclic applications
Hard Drawn ASTM A 227
C 0.45-0.85%, Mn 0.60-1.30%
CLI 147-283, (1014-1951) - CLII 171-324 (1179-2234)
30 (207)
40
11.5 (79.3)
250
121
C31-52
Cold drawn. Average stress applications. Lower cost springs and wire forms.
High Tensile Hard Drawn ASTM A 679
C 0.65-1.00%, Mn 0.20-1.30%
238-350 (1641-2413)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
250
121
C31-52
Cold drawn. Higher quality springs and wire forms
Oil Tempered ASTM A 229
C 0.55-0.85%, Mn 0.60-1.20%
CLI 165-283, (1014-1951) - CLII 171-324 (1179-2234)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
250
121
C42-55
Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. General purpose spring wire.
Carbon Valve ASTM A 230
C 0.60-0.75%, Mn 0.60-0.90%
215-240 (1482-1655)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
250
121
C45-49
Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Good surface conditioned uniform tensile. Suitable for cyclic applications.
Alloy Steel Wire
Chrome Vanadium ASTM A 231
C 0.48%-0.53% - Cr 0.80-1.10% - V 0.15 min%
190-300, (1310-2069)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
425
218.5
C41--55
Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature.
Chrome Silicon ASTM A 401
C 0.51-0.59% - Cr 0.60-0.80% - Si 1.20-1.60%
235-300, (1620-2069)
30 (207)
45
11.5 (79.3)
475
246
C48-55
Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature.
Stainless Steel Wire
AISI 302/304 ASTM A 313
Cr 17.-19.% Ni 8.-10.%
125-325 (862-2241)
28 (193)
35
10 (69.0)
550
288
C35-45
Cold drawn general purpose corrosion and heat resistant. Magnetic in spring tempor.
AISI 316 ASTM A 313
Cr 16.-18% Ni 10.-14.% Mo 2.-3.%
110-245 (758-1689)
28 (193)
40
10 (69.0)
550
288
C35-45
Cold drawn. Heat resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302. Magnetic in spring tempor.
17-7 PH ASTM A 313 (631)
Cr 16.-18.% Ni 10.-14.% Al 0.75-1.5%
Cond CH 235-335 (1620-2310)
29.5 (203)
45
11 (78.5)
650
343
C38-57
Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance. Slightly magnetic in spring tempor.
Non-Ferrous Alloy Metal
Phosphor Bronze Grade A ASTM B 159
Cu 94.-96.% Sn 4.-6.%
105 -145 (724-1000)
15 (103)
40
6.25 (43.1)
200
93.3
B98-104
Cold Drawn. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
Berylium Copper ASTM B 197
Cu 98% Be 2%
150-230 (1034-1586)
18.5 (128)
45
7.0 (48.3)
400
204
C35-42
Cold drawn and may be mill hardened before fabrication. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. High Physicals.
Monel 400 AMS 7233
Ni 66% Cu 31.5% C/Fe
145-180 (1000-1241)
26 (179)
40
9.5 (65.5)
450
232
C23-32
Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel K 500 QQ-N-286³
Ni 65.0% Cu 29.5% C/Fe/Al/Ti
160-200 (1103-1379)
26 (179)
40
9.5 (65.5)
550
28
C23-35
Excellent corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
High Temperature Alloy Wire
A 286 Alloy
Ni 26.% Cr 15.% Fe 53.%
160-200 (1103-1379)
29 (200)
35
10.4 (71.7)
950
510
C35-42
Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel 600 QQ-W-390³
Ni 76.% Cr 15.8% Fe 7.2%
170-230 (1172-1586)
31 (214)
40
11.0 (75.8)
700
371
C35-45
Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel 718
Ni 52.5% Cr 18.6% Fe 18.5%
210-250 (1448-1724)
29 (200)
40
11.2 (77.2)
1100
593
C45-50
Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel x 750 AMS 5698, 5699
Ni 73.% Cr 15.% Fe 6.75%
No. IT 155 Min. 1069 Spg T 190-230 (1310-1586)
31 (214)
40
12 (82.7)
750-110
399-593
C34-39 C42-48
Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature.
 
Material
Nominal Analysis
Minimum Tensile Strength
High Temperature Alloy Wire
A 286 Alloy
Ni 26.% Cr 15.% Fe 53.%
160-200 (1103-1379)
Inconel 600 QQ-W-390³
Ni 76.% Cr 15.8% Fe 7.2%
170-230 (1172-1586)
Inconel 718
Ni 52.5% Cr 18.6% Fe 18.5%
210-250 (1448-1724)
Inconel x 750 AMS 5698, 5699
Ni 73.% Cr 15.% Fe 6.75%
No. IT 155 Min. 1069 Spg T 190-230 (1310-1586)
See Entire Table